8 Tips to Avoid Knee Pain from Yoga

Knee anatomy, including muscles, ligament and cartilage

The knee is a hinge joint that locates between the thigh and the shin. It functions the same as a hinge on a door. The knee must be strong to hold a great amount of our body weight. Plus, it must be flexible enough to deal with the adaptations made of the ankle and foot. Knee pain from yoga are mainly related to one of the ligaments of the knee, or imbalanced muscles or the menisci. 

Below is a short overview of the knee anatomy:

Ligaments of the knee

Ligaments either approve for movement or restrict movement. When the ligaments around a joint are in a relaxed position, they allow movement. When they are taut, they restrict movement. When the knee is straight, the ligaments are taut and restrict movement. When the knee is bent, the ligaments allow for movement.

Most knee injuries take place when the knee is bent. Yet in yoga practice, when a rotation of flexed knee takes place, there is a large chance your might feel knee pain from yoga poses.

The knee has 4 main ligaments:

• Medial collateral ligament (MCL): On the inside of the knee closer to the midline.
• Lateral collateral ligament (LCL): Is on the outside of the knee.
• An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): Inside of the knee and crosses to the front.
• A posterior cruciate ligament (PCL): Inside of the knee and crosses to the back.

Cartilage of the knee

There are two main types of cartilage in knee anatomy: articular cartilage and the meniscus. 

Articular cartilage covers the bones’ ends and allows for the bones to slide and glide on each other without friction. 

The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the shinbone and thighbone. Each knee has two menisci. The menisci are not fixed, they move and distort their shape, and they slide as we move our knees.

The purpose of the menisci is to provide a cup for the thighbone to rest on top of the shinbone. The menisci serve as shock absorbers and make movements via its spongy quality.

Muscle of the knee

Many muscles affect the knee joint, but the main muscles that allow for the knee to perform its main functions are quadriceps and hamstrings:

Quadriceps: A group of 4 muscles that sits on the front of the thigh. This group of muscles are responsible for allowing the knee to straighten. This movement is necessary for movements including standing from a seated pose, bringing your leg forward when standing, and kicking a ball.

Hamstrings: A group of 3 muscles sits at the back of the thigh and allows for the knee to bend. This group of muscles are crucial for lifting your foot to walk. The hamstring muscles can be strained or torn during sport and daily activities.

Risk Factors for Knee Pain from Yoga

Obligatory Discretion Advised: Always consult a physician when you are feeling any chronic pain.

• Previous injury.
  
  Having hurt your knee before makes it more likely that you’ll injure your knee again. Additionally, you may experience knee pain from yoga due to a previous injury in the hips or feet, because of muscle imbalances.

• Over weight.
  
  Being over weight increases the likelihood of knee injury from yoga due to accelerating breakdown of joint cartilage. Because many yoga poses use body weight to increase stretching and twisting.

• Lack of muscle flexibility or strength.
  
  Weak leg muscles and lack of flexibility are among the leading reasons of knee injuries. When knee muscles are tight or weak, they offer less support, Leading to your knee absorbing all the stress.

• Over-exercise.
  
  While exercise is typically encouraged to prevent injury, over-exercise is associated with greater stress on your knees. This increases chance of knee pain from yoga. 

Related reading: Is It OK to Do Yoga Twice A Day?

8 ways to avoid knee pain from yoga

1. Increase hip-joint flexibility to avoid knee pain from yoga

The knees are often forced to compensate due to the lack of mobility in neighboring joints. In yoga practice, this applies especially to the hip joint. There is a good chance yoga practitioner might does not recognize that or chooses to ignore it.

Therefore, keeping your knees safe starts with safely increasing the mobility in your hip joint. By stretching the muscles such as the glutes is a good way to increase hip joint mobility.

A great pose for safely increasing external rotation in the hip joint is Reclined Pigeon Pose. This pose is very effective yet low risk because you do not use body weight.

2. Avoid knee injury from yoga by flexing your feet

The knee joint is mainly a hinge joint, but it does allow for certain level of rotation. When we force this rotation too much, we place our knees in great danger. So, we need to be mindful of any sensations of pain or discomfort close to or in the knee. But sometimes, we fail to notice that. Therefore, try to stabilize their knee joint by flexing the foot of the leg which is in external hip rotation is a good way to prevent unnoticed knee rotation.

3. To avoid knee pain from yoga poses, lift your pelvis or your knees

The knee and hip joint are intimately related in function and movements. Lifting the pelvis can increase our perceived range of mobility and in this way to prevent knee pain from yoga and reduce the risk of knee injury. 

For example, placing a block underneath the front buttock in Pigeon Pose helps to reduce the risk of straining that knee into an inappropriate rotation.

On the other hand, lifting the knees in relation to the pelvis can also help us prevent knee pain from yoga. For instance, when our knees are bent, place a cushion or block underneath the bent knee to keep the knees stable by engaging in a safe external hip rotation level, and in this way preventing us from pressing our knee downward as we fold our upper body forward:

4. Avoid hyper extend your knees to prevent knee pain from yoga poses

Hyper extension knees, especially when we are bearing weight, will cause strain to the joint, as it puts unhealthy tension on the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and popliteal ligaments. Doing hyper extension has accumulated effects over time, regular hyper extension knees might lead to swelling, pain, and a limited range of motion.

5. Correct feet alignment through balancing poses

The knee alignment is highly influenced by the alignment of the feet. When the ligaments on both sides of the knees are equally strong, the kneecap slides without restraint, plus the below patella cartilage doesn’t wear down.

Balancing poses with straight standing legs, helps to train the muscles in the feet, which ensuring a healthy arch and balanced weight distribution through both feet.

Balancing poses with the knees bent, helps to train the functional alignment of the knees, which prevents the knee pain from yoga.

For those who has unaligned feet issue, use a block to align your knees. By placing a block just below your knees between your shinbones in standing postures, this helps to maintain a safe knee alignment effectively in which the knees are aligned with your middle toes.

6. Don’t fully flex your knees

To prevent knee pain from yoga, avoid completely flexing the knees if they have knee issues or sensitive knees. In seated postures such as Hero Pose and Child’s Pose, make sure to lift the pelvis, thus the knees do not have to bend completely. For example, use a rolled blanket as a wedge between the calves and thighs to protect the knees.

7. Always avoid knee rotation

It is practical to elevate the pelvis in seated postures while make sure that both knees are resting and not dangling to avoid knee pain from yoga. Elevating the pelvis helps to facilitate the rotation in the hip joint, lifting the knees with rolled blankets or blocks to assure that both knees don’t depress when bending forward. For instance, in Bound Angle Pose, sit on a block to facilitate a pelvic tilt and by placing a block underneath the knees, stable the knees from rotational forces.

8. Keep both kneecaps off the ground

For many yogis who suffer from knee pain, doing kneeling posture is painful. In yoga sessions, these people feel painful in poses such as Cat Pose or Tiger Pose. This could be easily prevented by elevating the shins, in this way to avoid any pressure on the kneecaps.